5G Power: Creating a green grid that slashes costs, emissions
Under full-load conditions, the power consumption of 5 G base stations is approximately 3–4 times that of 4 G base stations, which has a notable impact on energy
With 5G base stations consuming approximately 3 times more power per base station unit , this means 5G networks could result in a nine-fold increase in electricity costs and carbon emissions. In the face of this challenge, many solutions are being trialled and introduced to reduce 5G energy consumption, and not just in China.
In terms of energy consumption, 5G base stations require continuous operation and stability, which leads to significant electricity consumption (Guo et al., 2022a). This power is mainly supplied by transmission equipment and auxiliary equipment, such as transformers, UPS power supplies, and cooling equipment.
As of the end of 2022, China had a total of 10.8 million base stations, including 2.3 million 5G base stations, accounting for 60% of the world's total 5G base stations . It's estimated that China's per capita base station number is about 4 times that of the United States and 2.3 times that of the European Union .
However, due to their high radio frequency and limited coverage, the construction and operation of 5G base stations can lead to significant energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. To address this challenge, scholars have focused on developing sustainable 5G base stations.
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