Environmental and economic sustainability of the novel
In this study, three innovative photovoltaic wastewater treatment routes that integrate resource utilization processes are proposed. A comparative assessment of the
To overcome these challenges, this study designs and tests a new approach to chemical experiments and wastewater treatment research using a portable standalone open-source solar photovoltaic (PV)-powered station that can be located onsite at a wastewater treatment plant with unreliable electrical power.
Both EC technology and chemical precipitation have high fluoride removal efficiency, and can be used for primary treatment of PV wastewater. However, when used alone, the effluent fluoride concentration is difficult to meet the standard.
Summary of actual PV wastewater treatment cases and methods (Note: TN in this table is mainly composed of NH 4+ -N and NO 3− -N; Comprehensive wastewater* refers to the mixed wastewater rich in fluoride and nitrate; Comprehensive wastewater** refers to the mixed wastewater of the three.).
Experts from 14 countries analyzed the potential for solar heat and photons for wastewater treatment in industry and municipal wastewater treatment. This article highlights the most promising outcomes. Eighty percent of the world's energy needs are met by fossil fuels.
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