This review provides an overview of the fundamental principles of electrochemical energy storage in supercapacitors, highlighting various energy-storage materials and strategies for enhancing their performance, with a focus on manganese- and nickel-based materials.. This review provides an overview of the fundamental principles of electrochemical energy storage in supercapacitors, highlighting various energy-storage materials and strategies for enhancing their performance, with a focus on manganese- and nickel-based materials.. This study focuses on hybrid energy stor-age technology combining supercapacitors and batteries in parallel, providing an in-depth analysis of their performance characteristics. Batteries suffer from drawbacks such as poor low-temperature performance, low energy density, and low charge-discharge. . Wide temperature range energy storage devices (ESDs) have attracted extensive attention in recent years. Semiconductor materials are commonly employed in room temperature supercapacitors because of their well-controllable conductivity and chemical stability. In addition to wide bandgap. . Supercapacitors are among the most promising electrochemical energy-storage devices, bridging the gap between traditional capacitors and batteries in terms of power and energy density. Their charge-storage performance is largely influenced by the properties of electrode materials, electrolytes and.
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